References and Resources
1. Benedict and McMahon (2002) Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century. The Conservation Fund. http://www.sprawlwatch.org/greeninfrastructure.pdf
This report provides a comprehensive background on green infrastructure, discussing infrastructure principles, planning strategies, comparing green infrastructure to traditional conservation approaches, and providing a number of examples and case studies from across the nation.
2. International Society of Arboriculture, (n.d) Tree Ordinance Guidelines. http://www.isa-arbor.com/education/onlineResources/treeOrdinanceGuidelines.aspx
This websites defines tree ordinance guidelines, focusing on the value of trees, and describing different types of tree ordinances.
3. Fraedrich B.R., (n.d) Managing Mature Trees. Bartell Tree Research Laboratories Technical Report. https://www.bartlett.com/resources/Managing-Mature-Trees.pdf
A useful document describing the decline in the health of mature trees and potential management techniques and maintenance considerations such as pruning, inspections and pest management. The document has useful illustration describing proper thinning techniques and crown reduction methods.
4. Nowak, D.J., Stein, S.M., Radler, P.B., Greenfield, E.J., Comas,S.J., Carr, M.A., Alig, R.J. (2010) Sustaining America’s Urban Trees and Forests. USDA. https://www.fs.fed.us/openspace/fote/reports/nrs-62_sustaining_americas_urban.pdf
This general technical report illustrates a comprehensive overview of urban trees and forests across the nation. The document compares differences in urban forest canopy cover among regions, discusses challenges facing urban forests and management implications, and highlights the distribution of urban tree cover and the benefits of urban forests.
5. USDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station (2017) Urban Natural Resources Stewardship. Urban Tree Canopy. https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/urban/utc/
This website provides valuable resources for urban tree canopy (UTC) assessment, highlighting potential methods for urban tree mapping such as through remote sensing platforms and/or through the use of LIDAR technologies. Urban tree canopy change analysis methods are also briefly described.
6. Swiecki, T. J., Bernhardt, E. A. (2001) Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Tree Ordinances. Phytosphere Research, Vacaville, CA. http://phytosphere.com/treeord/index.htm
This website focuses on providing background information and examples on guidelines for developing and evaluating tree ordinances. This resource describes the step by step process of developing tree ordinances, starting with basic ordinance provisions, defining objectives, planning strategies, implementation approaches, and evaluation procedures. The website also describes how tree ordiance development can be effectively integrated with a community tree management program.